The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Bagley, 900 F.2d 263 (9th Cir. 1990):
The essential elements of willful failure to file a return are: (1) a financial requirement to file an income tax return at the time required by law, (2) a willful failure to file such a return. United States v. Buras, 633 F.2d 1356, 1358 (9th Cir.1980). Willfulness does not require proof of a bad or evil motive in not filing, but only the awareness of an obligation to file and an intentional failure to act. United States v. Bishop, 412 U.S. 346, 360 (1973).
The above passage should not be considered legal advice. Reliable answers to complex legal questions require comprehensive research memos. To learn more visit www.alexi.com.