California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Flores v. Sharp Grossmont Hosp., D071993 (Cal. App. 2018):
In a medical malpractice action, the plaintiff must establish: (1) the duty to use such skill, prudence, and diligence as other members of the profession commonly possess and exercise; (2) a breach of that duty; (3) a proximate causal connection between the negligent conduct and the resulting injury; and (4) actual loss or damage resulting from the physician's negligence. (Hanson v. Grode (1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 601, 606.)
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