California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Highbarger v. Pentagon Fed. Credit Union, A142404 (Cal. App. 2016):
" ' "The elements of fraud . . . are (a) misrepresentation (false representation, concealment, or nondisclosure); (b) knowledge of falsity . . . ; (c) intent to defraud, i.e., to induce reliance; (d) justifiable reliance; and (e) resulting damage." ' " (Small v. Fritz Companies, Inc. (2003) 30 Cal.4th 167, 173.) More specifically, "[t]he required elements for fraudulent concealment are: (1) concealment or suppression of a material fact; (2) by
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