What are the elements of a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from Barnes v. Pittsburg Unified Sch. Dist., A134679 (Cal. App. 2013):

The elements of a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress are " ' " ' "(1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant with the intention of causing, or reckless disregard of the probability of causing, emotional distress; (2) the plaintiff's suffering severe or extreme emotional distress; and (3) actual and proximate causation of the emotional distress by the defendant's outrageous conduct." ' " ' " (Hughes v. Pair (2009) 46 Cal.4th 1035, 1050.)

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