What are the consequences of a second judge's error rulings in a civil trial?

There was also no substantial prejudice. Here, the second judge ruled on a few objections to the closing arguments and answered one jury question; he had the daily transcripts at his disposal when he did so. Because the second judge "made no evidentiary or instructional rulings that would have required familiarity with the particulars of the case" that he did not have available to him (People v. Halvorsen (2007) 42 Cal.4th 379, 429), any error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. (People v.

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