Under what circumstances will a person be held liable for aiding and abetting a motor vehicle crime?

driven in a willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property, the person driving the vehicle, upon conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment . . . for not less than six months nor more than one year." Under aiding and abetting principles, "[a]ll persons concerned in the commission of a crime, whether it be felony or misdemeanor, and whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission, . . . are principals in any crime so committed." (Pen. Code, 31.) A person is liable for aiding and abetting when he or she knowingly promotes, encourages, or instigates the commission of the crime with knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator. (People v. Gibson (2001) 90 Cal.App.4th 371, 386.)