18. I turn to the legal analysis of liability. In order to succeed in a claim of negligence, the applicant must prove each of the following on a balance of probabilities: a. The respondent owed the applicant a duty of care; b. The respondent breached the standard of care; c. The applicant sustained a loss; d. The respondent’s breach of the standard of care caused the applicant’s damages, in fact and law. Mustapha v. Culligan of Canada Ltd., 2008 SCC 27 at paragraph 3
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