What are the Impugned Provisions in the Charter and what are the implications?

For these reasons, I find that the Impugned Provisions do not reinforce, perpetuate or exacerbate disadvantage, nor do they violate the norm of substantive equality in subsection 15(1) of the Charter. I am also not persuaded that the Impugned Provisions involve the oppression or unfair dominance of one group by another, or a denial to one group of protections that are basic or necessary for full participation in Canadian society: Quebec v. A., above at para. 325, Abella J., dissenting, citing Moreau, above at 292.