The effect of section 39 was considered in Metcalfe v. Canada (Attorney General) (1999), 1999 CanLII 7436 (FC), 160 F.T.R. 281, where Evans J. (as he then was) wrote (at para. 17): While paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this section may not create a reverse onus by requiring the respondent to establish that a veteran's injury or medical condition was not attributable to military service, they go a considerable way in this direction by requiring, in effect, that claimants be given the benefit of any reasonable doubt. "arose out of or directly connected with" military service
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