What is the law around adverse inference in civil cases?

Alberta, Canada


The following excerpt is from C & H Properties Inc. v. Amos (Discount Thrift Store), 2012 ABQB 106 (CanLII):

In the often-cited case of Howard v. Sandau 2008 ABQB 34 Wittmann ACJ (as he then was) summarized the law around adverse inference in civil cases:

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