What is solicitor-client privilege and what is the duty of confidentiality toward their client?

Canada (Federal), Canada

The following excerpt is from Montreuil v. Canadian Forces, 2007 CHRT 17 (CanLII):

Thus, solicitor-client privilege or, more narrowly in civil law, counsel’s duty of confidentiality toward their client, covers in essence the verbal and written communications exchanged between counsel and their client. These communications are considered privileged and a party cannot require their production or their disclosure (See, to the same effect, Poulin v. Prat, [1994] A.Q. No. 142).

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