What are the elements of malicious prosecution?

Malicious prosecution. The defendants say the elements of malicious prosecution are not adequately pleaded. The elements of malicious prosecution are set out in Nelles v. Ontario, 1989 CanLII 77 (SCC), [1989] 2 S.C.R. 170, per Lamer J. (as he then was) for the majority, at 192-193: There are four necessary elements which must be proved for a plaintiff to succeed in an action for malicious prosecution: a) the proceedings must have been initiated by the defendant; b) the proceedings must have terminated in favour of the plaintiff; c) the absence of reasonable and probable cause; d) malice, or a primary purpose other than that of carrying the law into effect.