The following excerpt is from Simpson v. Fresno Cnty. Jail, Case No.: 1:15-cv-01464-BAM (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2016):
However, supervisory liability may exist without any personal participation if the official implemented "a policy so deficient that the policy itself is a repudiation of the constitutional rights and is the moving force of the constitutional violation." Redman v. County of San Diego, 942 F.2d 1435,
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