California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Silva, E069863 (Cal. App. 2020):
4. An exception to this rule, not applicable here, is when the record conclusively establishes that the trial court would not have exercised its discretion even if the court were aware of its discretion. (People v. Leon (2016) 243 Cal.App.4th 1003, 1026.)
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