California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Hubbard v. Boelt, 102 Cal.App.3d 255, 162 Cal.Rptr. 349 (Cal. App. 1980):
Thus, in contrast to the fact situation of Walters v. Sloan, here there are at least three statutes whose patent purpose was to protect the police officers as a class and the violation of which gave rise to a presumption of negligence per se.
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