The following excerpt is from United States v. Melhuish, 19-485 (2nd Cir. 2021):
Melhuish argues that 111 is a specific intent crime because it requires "willful" conduct. She points to the statute's use of the term "simple assault," which we defined in United States v. Chestaro as, under common law, "a crime committed by either a willful attempt to inflict injury upon the person of another, or by a threat to inflict injury upon the person of another which, when coupled with an apparent present ability, causes a reasonable apprehension of immediate bodily harm." 197 F.3d 600, 605 (2d Cir. 1999) (emphasis added) (internal quotation marks omitted).
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