The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Dorsey, 418 F.3d 1038 (9th Cir. 2005):
An arrest is constitutionally valid if the arresting officers had probable cause to make the arrest. Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89, 91, 85 S.Ct. 223, 13 L.Ed.2d 142 (1964). Officers have probable cause to make an arrest when:
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