The following excerpt is from Tacho v. Martinez, 862 F.2d 1376 (9th Cir. 1988):
In Thompson v. Procunier, 539 F.2d 26 (9th Cir.1976), this court developed a presumption that where the state's highest court gives no opinion or citation when dismissing or denying a petition for writ of habeas corpus, it will be presumed that the dismissal or denial was on the merits. This presumption, however, has been substantially narrowed by subsequent decisions.
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