California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Arterberry, F068388 (Cal. App. 2016):
"A criminal defendant has a right, guaranteed by the confrontation clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, to confront adverse witnesses. The right to confrontation includes the right to cross-examination." (People v. Lewis (2008) 43 Cal.4th 415, 453 (Lewis), overruled in part by People v. Black (2014) 58 Cal.4th 912, 919-920.) "A problem arises when a codefendant's confession implicating the defendant is introduced into evidence at their joint trial. If the declarant codefendant invokes the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination and declines to testify, the implicated defendant is unable to cross-examine the declarant codefendant regarding the content of the confession." (Lewis, supra, at p. 453.)
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