In what circumstances has a defendant been convicted of robbery and kidnapping on the theory that he advised and encouraged the crime?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Cerpa, F073493 (Cal. App. 2019):
And in People v. Reingold the defendant, a jeweler, was convicted of robbery and kidnapping on the theory that he advised and encouraged a jewelry robbery. (People v.
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