In a personal injury case, how have formal instructions been used to instruct the jury on the presumption of innocence and proof beyond a reasonable doubt?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Chavez, F059363, Super. Ct. No. BF121538F (Cal. App. 2011):
substitute for formal instructions. (See People v. Avila (2009) 46 Cal.4th 680, 716.) Moreover, the court correctly and fully instructed the jury on the presumption of innocence and proof beyond a reasonable doubt immediately after the jury had been selected and again before closing arguments. The jury also had an actual copy of the printed version of the reasonable doubt instruction for its reference during jury deliberations.
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