The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Torres-Perez, 99 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 1996):
The use of the word "intentionally" did not transform the offense charged into a specific intent crime. We have found that defining "knowingly" as "voluntarily and intentionally " is a "perfectly adequate formulation of the idea of general intent." United States v. Smith, 638 F.2d 131, 133 (9th Cir.1981) (emphases added); see also United States v. Martinez, 49 F.3d 1398, 1401 n. 5 (9th Cir.1995) (holding that an instruction that requires that a defendant act intentionally or voluntarily is consistent with general, rather than specific intent.)
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