The following excerpt is from Poventud v. City of N.Y., Docket No. 12-1011-cv (2nd Cir. 2013):
These decisions consistently and methodically applied the rule that plaintiffs may not use 1983 to call into question an outstanding criminal conviction, a rule that avoided "the prospect of harassment, waste and endless litigation, contrary to principles of federalism." Singleton v. City of N.Y., 632 F.2d 185, 195 (2d Cir. 1980).
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