California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Cruz, F065388 (Cal. App. 2014):
In People v. Butler (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 998, 1008, the court distinguished criminal negligence in the context of involuntary manslaughter from implied malice in the context of murder:
(See also People v. Cleaves (1991) 229 Cal.App.3d 367, 378 ["[I]f the defendant commits an act which endangers human life without realizing the risk involved, he is guilty of [involuntary] manslaughter, whereas if he realized the risk and acted in total disregard of the danger, he is guilty of murder based on implied malice."].)
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