California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Superior Court, 121 Cal.App.3d 395, 175 Cal.Rptr. 322 (Cal. App. 1981):
Most of the cases holding that judicial determination of the existence of probable cause for an arrest may include in large part the expertise of a police officer deal with narcotic violations. (See People v. Rich (1977) 72 Cal.App.3d 115, 121, 139 Cal.Rptr. 819, and cases cited therein.) However, it stands to reason that consideration of police officer expertise on the issue of probable cause for an arrest should not be limited to criminal activity solely involving narcotics.
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