The following excerpt is from United States v. Liu, D.C. No. 5:06-cr-00772-JW-1, No. 10-10613 (9th Cir. 2013):
2. Even within the context of civil copyright infringement, we have defined "willful" to mean different things in different contexts. See Barboza v. New Form, Inc. (In re Barboza), 545 F.3d 702, 707-08 (9th Cir. 2008) ("The term 'willful' as used in copyright infringement cases is not equivalent to 'willful' as used in determining whether a debt is nondischargeable under the bankruptcy code.").
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