The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Barona, 56 F.3d 1087 (9th Cir. 1995):
More important, the majority does not carve out a narrow exception to the general rule that the government must have probable cause to initiate a search of one of its own citizens. All of the cases cited by the majority concern narrow, carefully defined exceptions to the general probable cause requirement. For example, Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968), on which the majority so heavily relies, merely allows the police to conduct short, nonintrusive investigations without probable cause so long as they have a reasonable suspicion that the stop is necessary. Here, in sharp contrast, the majority has held that every foreign search, regardless of its level of intrusiveness or the circumstances surrounding the decision to initiate it, may be conducted without probable cause under the Fourth Amendment. Elementary respect for the dictates of the Fourth Amendment should preclude such an unwarranted extension.
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