The following excerpt is from Villegas v. Cate, CASE NO. 1:10-cv-01917-AWI-SKO PC, Doc. 1 (E.D. Cal. 2012):
existence of medical needs which include chronic, substantial pain and disabling symptoms easily satisfies the objective element for an Eighth Amendment claim, more is required to satisfy the subjective element. Prison medical officials are certainly entitled to explore different avenues of testing and treatment and they are also entitled to act conservatively in doing so, all without running afoul of the Constitution. See Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1986). On the other hand, the Eighth Amendment forbids the wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain, Estelle, 429 U.S. at 105-06, and prison officials may not choose a medically unacceptable course of treatment in conscious disregard of an excessive risk to an inmate's health. Jackson, 90 F.3d at 332 (quotation marks omitted).
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