California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Aviles, 252 Cal.Rptr.3d 727, 39 Cal.App.5th 1055 (Cal. App. 2019):
People v. Dueas (2019) 30 Cal.App.5th 1157, 242 Cal.Rptr.3d 268 (Dueas ) was wrongly decided or that the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment is the only constitutional basis for challenging fines if a criminal defendant can establish his or her inability to pay the amount imposed.
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