California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Jaimes-Ramos, No. A149518 (Cal. App. 2018):
that section 654 applies not only where there was but one act in the ordinary sense, but also where there was a course of conduct which violated more than one statute but nevertheless constituted an indivisible transaction. [Citation.] Whether a course of conduct is indivisible depends upon the intent and objective of the actor." (People v. Perez (1979) 23 Cal.3d 545, 551.) This is primarily a factual determination, which we review for substantial evidence. (See People v. Osband (1996) 13 Cal.4th 622, 730-731; People v. Saffle (1992) 4 Cal.App.4th 434, 438.)
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