California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Wilkes, B281562 (Cal. App. 2018):
3. Defendant's failure to object to the constitutionality of the statutes in the trial court does not forfeit this issue on appeal because a vagueness challenge can be resolved as a matter of law. (People v. Hartley (2016) 248 Cal.App.4th 620, 633.)
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