Does a party charged as a co-principal under Section 2(b) of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure have to be found guilty of criminal conspiracy to pervert the course of justice?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Ruffin, 613 F.2d 408 (2nd Cir. 1979):
The guilt or innocence of the intermediary, therefore, becomes irrelevant in determining whether a person charged as a co-principal under 2(b) may be found guilty. The rationale behind this rule was explained by the court in United States v. Lester, supra, 363 F.2d at 72:
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