California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Kim v. Lim, Ruger & Kim, B240378, B243162 (Cal. App. 2014):
'evidence of anything said,' nor any 'writing,' is discoverable or admissible 'in any arbitration, administrative adjudication, civil action, or other noncriminal proceeding in which . . . testimony can be compelled to be given,' if the statement was made, or the writing was prepared, "for the purpose of, in the course of, or pursuant to, a mediation . . . .' (Evid. Code, 1119, subds. (a), (b).) 'All communications, negotiations, or settlement discussions by and between participants in the course of a mediation . . . shall remain confidential.' (Id., subd. (c).) We have repeatedly said that these confidentiality provisions are clear and absolute. Except in rare circumstances, they must be strictly applied and do not permit judicially crafted exceptions or limitations, even where competing public policies may be affected. [Citations.]" (Cassel v. Superior Court (2011) 51 Cal.4th 113, 117, fn. omitted.)
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