California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ford, B248584 (Cal. App. 2014):
278.) "[D]efense counsel, like prosecutors, are precluded from peremptorily excusing prospective jurors on racial, ethnic or gender grounds." (People v. Willis (2002) 27 Cal.4th 811, 813.) A trial court is "inherently empowered to initiate a Wheeler proceeding on its own motion when it perceive[s] that one of the litigants appear[s] to be challenging prospective jurors because of race." (People v. Lopez (1991) 3 Cal.App.4th Supp. 11, 15.)
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