Can an aider and abettor be held liable for a crime committed by his confederate?

Aider and abettor liability can also be found under the natural and probable consequences doctrine, which provides "an aider and abettor is guilty of not only the offense he intended to facilitate or encourage, but also of any reasonably foreseeable offense committed by the actual perpetrator. The defendant's knowledge that an act which is criminal was intended, and his action taken with the intent that the act be encouraged or facilitated, are sufficient to impose liability on him for any reasonably foreseeable offense committed as a consequence by the perpetrator. [Citation.] The elements of aider and abettor liability under this theory are: the defendant acted with (1) knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator, and (2) the intent or purpose of committing, encouraging, or facilitating the commission of a predicate or target offense; (3) the defendant by act or advice aided, promoted, encouraged or instigated the commission of the target crime; (4) the defendant's confederate committed an offense other than the target crime; and (5) the offense committed by the confederate was a natural and probable consequence of the target crime that the defendant aided and abetted." (People v. Miranda, supra, 192 Cal.App.4th at pp. 407-408.)