The following excerpt is from Ransom v. Herrera, Case No. 1:11-cv-01709-LJO-EPG (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2018):
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 43(a) provides that a court may "permit testimony in open court by contemporaneous transmission from a different location" for good cause in compelling circumstances and with appropriate safeguards. Appropriate safeguards exist where the opposing party's ability to conduct cross-examination is not impaired, the witness testifies under oath in open court, and the witness's credibility can be assessed adequately. See Beltran-Tirado v.
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