The following excerpt is from Hughes v. United States, 770 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2014):
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act limited the ability of federal courts to grant relief to prisoners who file second or successive habeas corpus applications. See Tyler v. Cain, 533 U.S. 656, 661, 121 S.Ct. 2478, 150 L.Ed.2d 632 (2001). Before a second or successive application may be filed in the district court, it must be certified as provided in section 2244 by a panel of the appropriate court of appeals to contain ... a new rule of constitutional
[770 F.3d 817]
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