Can a refusal to consent to a search constitute the basis for reasonable suspicion?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Thomas v. Dillard, 818 F.3d 864 (9th Cir. 2016):

See also United States v. Santos, 403 F.3d 1120, 112526 (10th Cir.2005) ( "A refusal to consent to a search cannot itself form the basis for reasonable suspicion.... If

[818 F.3d 885]

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