The following excerpt is from Gianelli v. Schoenfeld, 2:21-cv-00477-JAM-KJN PS (E.D. Cal. 2021):
As defendants rightly point out, a cause of action for civil conspiracy cannot stand on its own. A plaintiff [can] bring suit for civil conspiracy only if [s]he ha[s] been injured by an act
that was itself tortious. Beck v. Prupis, 529 U.S. 494, 501 (2000) (citing numerous state and lower court cases holding that there is no conspiracy liability without proving the elements of an underlying tort).[19]
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