Can a jury find a defendant guilty on the basis of deliberate ignorance?

Appellants argue that the district court erred by instructing the jury that they could be found guilty on the basis of a deliberate ignorance standard. See United States v. Jewell, 532 F.2d 697, 704 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 951 (1976). Appellants argue the instruction was inappropriate because wire and mail fraud require a specific intent to defraud. They also argue the instruction was inappropriate because there was no evidence of deliberate indifference. We review jury instructions as a whole and de novo. United States v. Sanchez-Robles, 927 F.2d 1070, 1073 (9th Cir.1991).