California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Arista v. Cnty. of Riverside, 240 Cal.Rptr.3d 125, 29 Cal.App.5th 271 (Cal. App. 2018):
`absent the conscious decision or deliberate indifference of some natural person, a [governmental entity], as an abstract entity, cannot be deemed to have engaged in a constitutional violation by virtue of a policy, a custom or failure to train.' [Citation.] `[I]n the absence of any unconstitutional statute or rule, it is plaintiffs' burden to articulate a factual basis that demonstrates considerably more proof than a single incident.'" (Beswick v. City of Philadelphia (E.D.Penn. 2001) 185 F.Supp.2d 418, 427.)
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