California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Bruno, C086297 (Cal. App. 2021):
A finding that a defendant was acting upon a sudden quarrel or heat of passion can reduce murder to voluntary manslaughter, or first degree murder to second degree murder. (See People v. Padilla (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 675, 678.) However, in the first instance the test of whether the provocation negated the defendant's ability to form the requisite mental state is objective and in the second it is subjective. (Ibid.)
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