The following excerpt is from Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bur. of Narc., 456 F.2d 1339 (2nd Cir. 1972):
Using similar reasoning, other courts have come to opposite results. Norton v. McShane, 332 F.2d 855 (5th Cir. 1964), involved an action against several federal officers, including a U.S. Marshal, for unlawful arrest and detention without probable cause. Holding that all of the defendants were immune, the court said:
The dissenting judge believed that the acts complained of could not be within the defendants' scope of authority.4
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