The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Batimana, 623 F.2d 1366 (9th Cir. 1980):
3 It is well-settled that courts may instruct on aiding and abetting, if the evidence warrants, even though this theory was not charged in the indictment. See United States v. Roselli, 432 F.2d 879, 895 n.27 (9th Cir. 1970), cert. denied, 401 U.S. 924, 91 S.Ct. 883, 27 L.Ed.2d 828 (1971).
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